Newest Updates in Physical Science Research Vol. 9

This book covers key areas of physical science research. The contributions by the authors include bulk modulus, micro-hardness, semiconductors, electro-negativity, glass ceramic, radioactive waste, crystallization temperature, crystalline phase, ladder-type four-level system, time-dependent resonant three-step absorption, time-dependent perturbation theory, three different light pulses, acoustic optics, Bragg diffraction, spatial filters, Raman diffraction, MATLAB, superfluid helium, boiling, recovery heat flux, two-fluid model, heat and mass transfer, superconductivity, magnetism, magnetic force, curie point, Gill’s electronic theory, complex normed space, generalized angle, complex Hilbert space, energy literacy, assessment framework, physics education, artificial neural network, fault detection, fault classification, transmission line, distance protection, driver fatigue, alerting effect, clustering, differential entropy. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers and academicians in the field of physical science research.