Achievements and Challenges of Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

This book covers key areas of medicine and medical science. The contributions by the authors include oral mucosal changes, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region counts, papanicolaou staining, obesity subtypes, short-term weight loss, vertical sleeve gastrectomy, caesarian section, vaginal birth after caesarian section, elective repeated caesarean section, tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, mediating adrenomedullin proangiogenic activity, solid tumors, adrenomedullin, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, enhanced chemiluminescence detection system, immunoblotting, HUVECs angiogenesis assay, serum apelin, oxidized LDL, type II diabetes mellitus, reactive oxygen species, quantitative phytochemical profile, GC-MS analysis, antioxidant properties, Dennettia tripetala, leydig cells, seasonal cycle, cytoplasmic lipoidal material, serum LH and testosterone levels, seasonal histomorphological changes, herbal therapy, diabetes mellitus, nano-herbal medicine, natural compounds, Tubercle of Zuckerkandl , thyroidectomy, psychosomatic growth, basal metabolism, calcium metabolism, medical education technology, digital transformation, medical education, virtual classrooms, humanistic medicine, cell cycle, lipid synthesis, cyclin-dependent kinases, DNA damage, genomic instability, mitosis, Rouviere’s sulcus, laparoscopic cholecystectomy, bile duct injuries, cholecystectomy, Calot’s dissection, polyamine metabolism, female reproduction, complicated pregnancy, preeclampsia. This book contains various materials suitable for students, researchers, and academicians in the fields of medicine and medical science.